The subject of this short handscroll comes from one of the best-known poems of the famous Tang dynasty poet Bo Zhuyi. Composed in 816, the poem tells the tale of the exiled poet who, late one autumn evening, hears the sounds of the lute from a boat moored by the riverside and finds a former lady of the court, now married to a country merchant, playing songs that remind them both of their former years at the court. Wu Li deftly handles with understated elegance the age-old themes of loneliness, political exile, and isolation from civilized pleasures, along with the lyrical enchantment of a moonlit autumn evening on a misty river.

Among the artist’s distinctions was his conversion to Christianity, a rarity among Chinese painters, and in 1680 he was baptized under the name Simon Xavier. In 1681 he started out on a journey to Rome but got only as far as the Portuguese colony of Macao, where he remained for a number of years. This painting was done shortly after his arrival in Macao, and according to his inscription he did the painting while “thinking of the past.” Despite Wu Li’s exposure to Western works of art, this painting betrays no Western influence, and in this sense, in both subject matter and style, it is indeed a true tribute to the Chinese past.